As facilities with refrigeration and air-conditioning (RAC) systems or heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems begin efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, additionality will be used to determine the effectiveness of their changes. The formula compares business as usual prior to implementation with the levels of emissions after a greenhouse gas reduction project is in place.

Part of the process when establishing a greenhouse gas reduction projects is to set up a monitoring and verification plan. Additionality metrics within the plan explain who will be conducting the process, when and how it will be implemented. Software has been developed by specialists to streamline this process.

Project specific assessments are implemented by facilities that use refrigerant. Projected greenhouse gas reduction levels are calculated on an individual basis, by creating a baseline of levels to commence. Once a project is in place, a emission levels are compared to the baseline and the actual greenhouse gas emission reduction is calculated.

A performance standard assessment is used to determine additionality. Such an assessment is assessed for specific industries, like heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system or refrigeration and air conditioning system manufacturers. Measures show performance improvements as compared to existing standards for particular processes or appliances, in so far as they relate to the reduction of greenhouse gas.

As global climate change is significantly affected by greenhouse gas emissions, so additionality plays a very important role in determining a reduction project’s effectiveness. Many different industries and sectors are involved in greenhouse gas offset projects, for example, the methane capture and recovery projects in landfills, reforestation, and renewable energy efforts.

For businesses, it is important from an accounting standpoint to show the benefits of a greenhouse gas reduction program. In order for it to be a true emissions reduction, additionality criteria must be met. Ongoing monitoring and verification are key components to ensure actual reductions are real and have long-term sustainability. For facilities developing methods to reduce their use of refrigerant gas, automation of monitoring and tracking exists through software and web based applications developed by software providers who specialize in this area.

The permanency of a gas reduction project is an essential part of an additionality equation. At the same time, risk factors must be assessed, issue of leakage addressed and monitoring and verification systems maintained to ensure proper accounting.

There is much discussion in the U.S. and other foreign countries as to whether funding should be made available to companies to enact programs aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, a benchmarking system and protocols for certain industry sectors are under development. Determination of funding would rely on additionality to show how the project goes well beyond business as usual improvements. For example, if a project would have occurred anyway as part of a business improvement, then funding credits would not be awarded.